Selokhu iSpain yajoyina i-European Union ngo-1986, ezinye izinto zishintshile kulesi siqhingi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenhlalo, kwezomnotho, kwezabasebenzi, kwezemfundo, kanye nezepolitiki kuye kwaqina, futhi lokhu kuye kwathinta namalayisense okushayela. Ukuhamba kwabantu nezimpahla ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwe-EU kudinga imithethonqubo ejwayelekile, njengoba zonke izakhamuzi kumele zibe nemibhalo efanayo, noma efanayo.
Eminyakeni edlule, ilayisensi yokushayela yekhadibhodi elipinki yakudala yathatha indawo yelayisensi esekelwe ekhadini. Idatha yaqoshwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana ekhadini, okwenza kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuyiqamba. Kodwa-ke, eSpain, amalayisense okushayela ayeqondene kakhulu nohlobo lwemoto eshayelwa. Elinye lamalayisense akhona kwakuyi- BTP , eyayigunyaza abashayeli bamatekisi, ama-ambulensi, ezinye izimoto eziphuthumayo, kanye namabhasi esikole.
Yayiyini imvume ye-BTP?
Ngokusho kweRoyal Decree 818/2009, kaMeyi 8, evuma iMithethonqubo Ejwayelekile Yabashayeli, ilayisensi ye-BTP ivumela umnikazi ukuthi " ashayele izimoto ezibalulekile uma esesevisini ephuthumayo, izimoto ezenza ezokuthutha zesikole lapho zithutha izingane zesikole kanye nezimoto ezenzelwe ukuthutha abagibeli abakule nsizakalo, zonke zinesisindo esiphezulu esivunyelwe esingadluli ku-3.500 kg kanye nenani lezihlalo zazo, kufaka phakathi nomshayeli, ezingadluli ku-9."
Ngaphambi kokuthi linyamalale, latholwa kanjani ikhadi le-BTP?
Ngaphambi kokuba ilayisensi ye-BTP imiswe, abafakizicelo kwakudingeka bahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezimbili, ezazihlanganisa kodwa zingagcini nje. Eyokuqala kwakumelwe ibe neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 ubudala, kanti eyesibili kwakumelwe ibe nesipiliyoni esingaphezu konyaka owodwa nelayisensi yeSigaba B. Kuye ngokuthi bahlangabezane nesimfuneko esisodwa noma zombili, ukuhlolwa kokuthola ilayisensi kwakuzoba nokugxila okuhlukile. Uma behlangabezana nemfuneko yobudala kuphela (iminyaka engu-18 ubudala) futhi bengenaso isipiliyoni nelayisensi yeSigaba B, ukuhlolwa kwe-BTP kwakuqukethe kokubili isigaba sethiyori kanye nesisebenzayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 futhi unesipiliyoni esingaphezu konyaka ngelayisensi ye-B, ukuhlolwa kokuthola ilayisensi ye-BTP kwakunqunyelwe ekuhlolweni kolwazi lwethiyori. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona izindlela ezimbili zokuthola ilayisensi ye-BTP . Eyokuqala, futhi enengqondo kakhulu, kwakuwukufunda esikoleni sokushayela, kanti eyesibili, futhi eyingozi (nakuba ingasebenzi kahle), kwakuwukulungiselela ngokuzimela.
Ukuqeqeshwa ukuthola ilayisensi ye-BTP ngesikole sokushayela kwakunezinzuzo nezinkinga. Izinzuzo kwakuwukuthola amakilasi nezinto zokwakha ezidingekayo ukuze uthole ilayisensi. Ububi kwakuwukukhokhela lawo makilasi, izimali, nezinye izithako zokuqeqesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakungenzeka ukuthola ilayisensi ngokuzimela , kodwa umfundi kwakudingeka athole izinto zokufunda noma incwadi, yize ngenxa ye-inthanethi, lokhu kwakulula kakhulu. Ukukhetha le ndlela kwenza ilayisensi yabiza kancane ngoba yonga amakilasi, izimali, nezinye izinkokhelo, kodwa kwakusho ukuthi umfakisicelo kwakumelwe aphathe zonke izinqubo zokuphatha.
Uma umuntu ozongenela ukhetho eselungise isilabhasi futhi efunde imiqondo edingekayo ukuze abhale isivivinyo, kwakudingeka athathe isinyathelo esilandelayo . Uma ekhethe ukuqeqesha esikoleni sokushayela, isikole sasizombhalisela isivivinyo; uma ekhethe ukufundela ngokuzimela, kwakudingeka enze kanjalo eMnyangweni Wezokuthutha edolobheni lakubo. Kunoma yikuphi, isivivinyo sethiyori sasiqukethe imibuzo engu-20 enezimpendulo eziningi lapho kwakuvunyelwe khona amaphutha amabili kuphela. Kwakulula kakhulu (uma nje efundile, vele), futhi uma ephumelela, wayezoqhubeka nesivivinyo esisebenzayo, uma kudingeka.
Kwenzekeni ukuze imvume ye-BTP inyamalale?
Ukuhlanganiswa kwi-European Union , engikushilo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, yikho okuphoqe i-Spanish Directorate General of Traffic (DGT) ukuthi isuse le layisensi yokushayela. Akukho nalinye lamazwe angu-27 endaweni evamile (ngaphandle kwe-United Kingdom), ngaphandle kweSpain, elifake ilayisensi yamatekisi, izimoto eziphuthumayo, noma ezokuthutha zesikole ohlwini lwawo lwamalayisense okushayela asebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuba i- Single European Driving Licence iqalile ukusebenza , iSpain yanxuswa ukuba iyisuse.
Ngokusho kwe-Spanish Directorate General of Traffic (DGT), "isizathu sokususwa kwayo ukuthi izinhlobo zezimoto ezigunyazwe yisigaba se-BTP zingaqhutshwa nezinye izigaba esezifakiwe kwi-Single Community Driving License , uma isichibiyelo somthetho sesiqalile ukusebenza ." Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, uhulumeni waseSpain kuzodingeka alungise iMithetho Jikelele Yabashayeli.
Ukususwa kwelayisensi yokushayela ye-BPT kuzoqaliswa ngeSimemezelo Sasebukhosini esihlanganisa ukuqedwa kwale layisensi eSpain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele sifake iSiqondiso 2014/85/EU mayelana namalayisense okushayela (umbhalo obophayo ngokomthetho wamazwe angamalungu e-European Union) ohlelweni lwethu lwezomthetho. Isikhathi sokugcina esibekwe yi-European Union ngeSpain sokwenza lezi zinguquko kwakunguDisemba 31, 2015.
Kodwa-ke, ilayisensi ye-BTP isusiwe kukhathalogi yethu kazwelonke yamalayisense okushayela kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2016. Okwamanje, le layisensi ikhona eSpain kuphela futhi isebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kwendawo kazwelonke kuze kube yilapho labo bashayeli abasenayo bedinga ukuyivuselela. Manje, noma ngubani onesifiso sokuyithola ngeke kudingeke athathe noma yiziphi izivivinyo ezengeziwe noma izivivinyo, njengoba ukuthola ilayisensi yeSigaba B kufaka ngokuzenzakalelayo ilayisensi ye-BTP engasasebenzi manje.
Manje kuzokwenzekani kithina esiphethe imvume ye-BTP?
Ukuba nelayisensi yokushayela kusho ukuthi uma usuku lwayo lokuphelelwa yisikhathi lusondela, kufanele siyivuselele uma singafuni ukulahlekelwa ikhono lokushayela. Kodwa-ke, ngokunyamalala kwelayisensi ye-BTP, izinto zizoshintsha, ngoba uma le layisensi inqanyulwa, izosuswa nasekhadini lethu lepulasitiki elipinki lapho amalayisense esinawo eqoshwa khona.
Ngokusho kwe-Directorate General of Traffic , " abanikazi belayisensi ye-BTP bangaqhubeka nokushayela izimoto okwakudingeka i-BTP kuzo ngaphambilini , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele bahambisane nezidingo ezingase zimiswe yimithethonqubo yomkhakha ehambisanayo yokwenza lezi zinsizakalo (amatekisi, ama-ambulensi, izimoto zamaphoyisa, njll.), uma nje begcina isigaba selayisensi yokushayela esisebenzayo esidingekayo emotweni okukhulunywa ngayo" [...] "ngokufanayo, laba banikazi bazoqhubeka nelayisensi yokushayela efanayo , ehlanganisa isigaba se-BTP, kuze kube yilapho ilayisensi yabo yesigaba B iphelelwa yisikhathi. Uma beyivuselela, idokhumenti entsha ngeke isafaka igama le-BTP . "
Ngaphambi kokumiswa kwelayisensi yokushayela kulo lonke elaseYurophu, i-BTP (Professional Driving License) yayingenye yamalayisensi ayefunwa kakhulu ezikoleni zokushayela zaseSpain iminyaka eminingi . Isizathu sasilula: ngaphandle kwale layisensi, izinhlobo ezithile zezimoto zazingenakushayelwa. Amatekisi, ama-ambulensi, izimoto ezithile eziphuthumayo, namabhasi esikole kwakungeke kusebenze ngaphandle kwale layisensi. I-BTP yayiyisihluthulelo sokuthola umsebenzi omuhle, njengoba yayingadingi ulwazi oluningi ukuze isebenzise imoto.
Ngale ncazelo, abashayeli abanale layisensi manje sebembozwe eSpain nakulo lonke elase-European Union. Ngeke kudingeke sikhathazeke ngokuyivuselela , sisindise izivivinyo zezokwelapha kanye nezimali, njengoba izovuselelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho sibuyekeza ilayisensi yethu ejwayelekile ye-B. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuthi izinhlangano ze-EU ziqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi zaseYurophu zinamalungelo afanayo. Kodwa-ke, izikole zokushayela cishe azijabuli kakhulu ngakho, njengoba zizolahlekelwa yingxenye yengeniso yazo. Lokhu kuyinkinga yokuphila.
Umthombo – Umqondisi Jikelele Wezokuthutha (i-DGT)