Ukwenyuka kwentengo kaphethiloli kanye nedizili kube ngenye yezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu emakhaya nasemabhizinisini kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Inhlanganisela yokungezwani kwezepolitiki, amandla okuhlanza aqinile, kanye nesidingo sokukhathazeka kuholele amanani emazingeni aphoqa abashayeli abaningi ukuba bacabangele ngokucophelela yonke imali ngaphambi kokugcwalisa. I-Brent crude isisondele ku-$100 , futhi lokhu kwenyuka kwentengo kudluliselwa ngokushesha kubathengi abasebenzisa ipompo.
ESpain, intengo kaphethiloli ikhuphuke amasonto amaningana alandelanayo, kanti udizili ubuye wabiza kakhulu futhi, okunciphisa impumuzo enikezwa ukuncishiswa kwentela. Okwamanje, eFrance, imigqa emide nezimpawu ezibonisa ukushoda komkhiqizo kwezinye iziteshi kuye kwaphakamisa ukukhathazeka. Akukho ukushoda okusabalele , kodwa kunezigameko zendawo ezithinta izingxenye zenethiwekhi.
Amanani akhuphukayo kanye nengcindezi yamazwe ngamazwe
Idatha evela kulo mkhakha ikhombisa imakethe ecindezelwe yingxabano eMpumalanga Ephakathi, iStrait of Hormuz, kanye nezinkinga zokukhiqiza nokucwenga ezindaweni ezahlukene. ESpain, intengo kadizili yayicishe ibe yi-€1,834 ngelitha kanti uphethiloli wawucishe ube yi-€1,866 ngelitha, ngokusho kwephephandaba laseYurophu. Uphethiloli wawulokhu ukhuphuka amasonto ayishumi nanye elandelanayo , kanti udizili wadonsa ingxenye enkulu yesaphulelo sentela samasenti angama-20.
I-Brent crude yayihweba cishe ngo-$97,86, yize ngezinye izikhathi yayisondela emgomweni wengqondo ongu-$100. Lesi silinganiso sithinta amanani okugcina futhi sichaza ukuthi kungani ohulumeni becabanga ngezinyathelo zokunciphisa umthelela. Ingcindezi ayigcini eSpain kuphela : e-UK, udizili ufinyelele phezulu kakhulu, kanti e-Italy, intela emigwaqweni emikhulu ifinyelele phezulu kakhulu.
IFrance: ukuhlukana kwendawo kanye nesicelo eBrussels
Uhulumeni waseFrance uqapha iziteshi zikaphethiloli ezingaba ngu-9.900. Cishe mhla zingama-22 kuMandulo, abangu-14% babebhekene nobunzima bokuthola uphethiloli noma udizili, yize leli phesenti lase lehlile lisuka ku-17% ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili. Iningi lala macala laligxile eziteshini ze-TotalEnergies , ezazigcina amanani aphezulu futhi ziheha amakhasimende amaningi kunokujwayelekile.
Lokhu kukhula kwesidingo, kanye nezinkinga zezokuthutha, kusho ukuthi amanye amaphampu aphelelwa uphethiloli ngaphambi kokuba kufike ithangi elilandelayo. Uhulumeni waseFrance wagcizelela ukuthi akukho ukushoda komkhiqizo ezweni lonke, kodwa wavuma ukushoda ngezikhathi ezithile. IFrance ingenisa cishe ingxenye yedizili eliyisebenzisayo, kanti phakathi kuka-20% no-30% walokho kuvela eMpumalanga Ephakathi—okuyinto ebangela ukukhathazeka uma ingxabano iqhubeka.
Ukuze kuncishiswe lesi simo, uMacron ucele iBrussels ukuthi inciphise okwesikhashana imithethonqubo yamafutha kanye nokuhluzwa. Incwadi eya kuVon der Leyen iphakamise ukuvumela ukwanda komkhiqizo wefektri yokuhluzwa, ukuphakamisa okuqukethwe kwe-biodiesel kwezinye izingxube kube ngu-10%, kanye nokuhlehlisa isikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-methane. Inhloso kwakuwukuthola izinzuzo zokuhlunga nokunciphisa amanani akhuphukayo.
I-Italy yenza ushintsho lwayo ngentengo ephansi
I-Italy ikhethe indlela ehlukile. Inkampani kawoyela elawulwa nguhulumeni i-Eni imemezele intengo ephezulu kaphethiloli kanye nedizili eziteshini zayo eziseceleni komgwaqo: €1,99 ngelitha likaphethiloli kanye €2,19 ngelitha likaphethiloli. Lesi silinganiso saqala ngesikhathi sokuqala sezinsuku ezingu-30 futhi singanwetshwa kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka.
Iziteshi zikaphethiloli ze-IP, eziphethwe yi-Socar, zijoyine lo mkhankaso. Uhulumeni wase-Italy ubelokhu esebenzisa ukuncishiswa kwentela izinyanga eziningi, kodwa ukwelulwa kokugcina okujwayelekile kwaphela ngoSepthemba 17. Ngakho-ke iRome ifuna ukulawula amanani, emigwaqweni emikhulu, adlula u-€2,45 ​​​​wedizili.
ISpain: usizo, ezokuthutha kanye nengozi yokuntuleka
ESpain, isakhiwo sokuhlinzeka asisengozini kangako kunesaseFrance ngandlela thile. Leli zwe linezindawo zokuhluza eziyisishiyagalombili, ezinhlanu zazo ezingezakwaRepsol, kanti u-5,5% kuphela kawoyela ongahluziwe ongenisiwe uvela eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ukungeniswa kukadizili kuhlanganise u-18,7% wokusetshenziswa ngoJulayi kanye no-23,3% ngonyaka kuze kube manje, kuyilapho uphethiloli wawungaxhomekile kakhulu emithonjeni yangaphandle.
Lokhu kwanda kwamandla okucwenga akuvimbeli ukwenyuka kwentengo. Izinkampani zezokuthutha zicele uhulumeni ukuthi anyuse uxhaso lwedizili yobungcweti kusuka kumasenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-40 ngelitha bese elunweba kuze kube nguDisemba 31. Zicela futhi ukufakwa kwamaveni afinyelela kumakhilogremu angu-3.500 noma uxhaso oluqondile lwama-euro angu-500 ngemoto ngayinye. Izinhlangano zezimboni zixwayisa ngenzuzo encane kakhulu kanye nokubambezeleka kokuthola ezinye izibonelelo.
I-Spanish Confederation of Freight Transport iphinde yaphakamisa ukwehliswa kwama-50% eminikelweni yezokuphepha komphakathi yabaqashi. I-UNO LogÃstica icela ukusheshiswa kwezinkokhelo ezingakakhokhwa, ukuvuselelwa kohlelo lokugcinwa kwemigwaqo, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezikhungo zentela. Umkhakha wezolimo nawo ulungiselela imibhikisho : I-UPA icele ukubukiswa kwamatrakta ngomhlaka-8 Okthoba ePuertollano.
Kukhona olunye uhla losizo olutholakalayo kochwepheshe abangafaneleki ukubuyiselwa imali kaphethiloli kadizili wobungcweti. Isikhathi sesicelo, esivulwa kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMandulo kuya kumhla zingama-30 kuMfumfu, sihloselwe abantu abazisebenzayo kanye nezinkampani ezinelayisensi yokuthutha. Inani lifinyelela ku-€1.350 ngamaloli asindayo asebenzisa i-LPG, i-CNG, i-LNG , noma idizili eziQhingini zaseCanary, eCeuta, naseMelilla; kukhona futhi no-€499 ngamaloli alula, €225 ngamaveni, €731 ngamabhasi, kanye no-€150 ngamatekisi nezimoto zokuhamba ngezimoto.
Isicelo sithunyelwa nge-elekthronikhi kwi-Ejensi Yentela, ngaphandle kwaseBasque Country naseNavarre, lapho siphathwa khona yiziphathimandla zentela zesifunda. Inkokhelo yenziwa ngokudluliselwa kwemali ebhange uma isicelo sesicutshungulwe futhi savunywa, zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu kusukela osukwini lokuvala lwesikhathi sesicelo. Le nzuzo ayihambisani nokubuyiselwa kwentela ye-hydrocarbon kaphethiloli kadizili ochwepheshe.
Impendulo yaseYurophu kanye nemibhikisho
Izinyathelo zikazwelonke ziyanda ngenkathi iBrussels ibhekisisa kahle. Undunankulu waseSlovakia ubize umhlangano ongavamile we-EU mayelana nophethiloli, kanti iMacron ilungiselela ingqungquthela ye-G7 ukuze kuxoxwe ngokukhululwa kwemithombo yamafutha eqondisiwe. Kukhona futhi izingcingo zokuthengwa kwegesi okuhleliwe ngaphambi kobusika.
EPortugal, amakhulu abashayeli bamaloli abavela emkhakheni wokuthutha umhlaba bahambe kancane phakathi kweLordelo neCoimbra, kanti imibhikisho ifinyelele eLisbon. Uhulumeni wasePortugal umemezele usizo lwe-€25 ngesilinda segesi se-butane ngemindeni esengozini kanye nesinxephezelo esifinyelela ku-70% wezindleko ezingavamile zezokuthutha zomphakathi nezimpahla. Ukunganeliseki komphakathi kukhumbuza iziyaluyalu ezaqubuka eFrance ngo-2018 , yize uhulumeni waseFrance ephikelela ngokuthi ngeke kube nokunciphisa intela okuvamile.
Isimo sisalokhu sibucayi: uwoyela ongahluziwe obizayo, amandla okucwenga alinganiselwe, ukuncika ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe kwamanye amazwe, kanye nesidingo esisabela ngokukhathazeka kuzo zonke izihloko. ISpain iqala ngokuchayeka okuncane kuneFrance, kodwa amanani asevele ebeka ingcindezi kubashayeli, abathuthi, kanye nabalimi, kanti izibonelelo sezibe yindlela yokuvimba edingekayo ngenkathi isiphepho siqhubeka. Isihluthulelo sizoba ukuthi ngabe ingxabano yamazwe ngamazwe iyaqhubeka yini kanye nekhono leYurophu lokuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokwephula izindinganiso zayo zemvelo.
