Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-antifreeze, ezihlukaniswe njenge -organic noma i-inorganic , ngombala , nangokuhlushwa . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze -antifreeze: G12, G12+, G13, kanye ne-G11 endala . Sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi ngazo nokuthi zingaxutshwa noma cha.
Izinhlobo ze-antifreeze: i-organic kanye ne-inorganic
Ukuhlukaniswa kokuqala kwe-antifreeze kusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwayo. Imisebenzi yabo iyafana, kodwa bangama-liquid ahlukene kakhulu ngokwezakhi zabo kanye namakhono abo.
- I-Organic Antifreeze: Ibuye ibizwe nge-Organic Accident Technology (OAT). Inokuqina okuthe xaxa, ingaba nendawo yokuqandisa ephansi ezinguqulweni ezigxile kakhulu (50%), inokuvikela okungcono kwezinye izinto zezimoto zesimanje kanye nemvelo kakhulu.
- i-antifreeze ye-inorganic: ebizwa nangokuthi i-Inorganic Accident Technology (IAT). Ihlala isikhathi esincane, izinguqulo zayo ezigxile kakhulu azifinyeleli endaweni yokubanda ephansi njenge-organic, i-anticorrosive yayo ijwayeleke kakhulu ezimotweni ezindala kanye ne-ecology encane kakhulu.
- i-antifreeze ehlanganisiwe: noma iHybrid Organic Accident Technology (HOAT). Banezakhiwo ze ukuqina, ukuvikelwa kanye nokumelana ukuqanda okufana nalezi eziphilayo. Zisetshenziswa kwezinye izinjini zaseYurophu naseMelika.
Hlanganisa i-organic and inorganic antifreeze?
Akufanele uhlanganise i-antifreeze engokwemvelo ne-inorganic noma i-hybrid antifreeze. Isisekelo se-antifreeze eningi engokwemvelo ne-inorganic siyafana, i-ethylene glycol, kodwa izingxenye zayo zokulwa nokugqwala azihambisani. Zingasabela ngisho komunye nomunye, zikhansele izakhiwo zazo futhi zibangele izinkinga ohlelweni lokupholisa.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zenzelwe ukuvikela izinto ezahlukene ekugqwaleni kwe-galvanic . Uma izinsimbi ezahlukene zithintana ngaphakathi koketshezi olufanayo oluqhubayo, ukushintshana kwama-electron kuzodala i-oxidation ezonakalisayo. Akuwona umthetho ophelele, kodwa ama-antifreeze e-organic avikela izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ezinjinini zesimanje, kuyilapho ama-antifreeze angaphili avikela lawo asezinjinini ezindala.
I-antifreeze yellow, blue, green, pink...
Akukho ukuvumelana phakathi kwemikhiqizo mayelana nemibala . Abanye bayisebenzisa ukuhlukanisa izinga lokuhlushwa, abanye kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-organic noma i-inorganic, kanti abanye bayisebenzisa ngohlobo lwemoto.
Isibonelo, i-Motul Organic Pink kanye ne -Motul Organic Yellow zinokuhlushwa okufanayo okungu-50% kanye nokumelana nokushisa okufanayo: kusukela ku--35º kuya ku-145º. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala kuboniswe ezimotweni nasezimotweni zokuthutha, kanti okwesibili kufaneleka nezithuthuthu.
Uma kwenzeka i-Repsol antifreeze , imibala isetshenziswa ngendlela ehlukile:
- I-Organic: I-Repsol engu-30% Amarillo kanye neRepsol ye 50% Pink
- Okungajwayelekile: I-Repsol oluhlaza kanye ne-Repsol Azul
Hlanganisa i-antifreeze kusuka kumikhiqizo ehlukene?
Uma usuvele usebenzise uhlobo oluthile lwe-antifreeze, kungcono ukunamathela kulolo hlobo. Ukuxuba izinhlobo ezahlukene akukhuthazwa ngaphandle kokuthi uqinisekile ukuthi zinezakhi ezifanayo . Ukusebenzisa amazinga ahlukene e-antifreeze efanayo ngeke kubangele izinkinga. Ukuxuba izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-antifreeze engu-30% kanye ne-50% kuzoholela esixazululweni esingu-40%, kodwa njengoba zivela kumkhiqizi ofanayo futhi ziluhlobo olufanayo, ngeke kubangele izinkinga.
Okuhlukile : Uma i-antifreeze ingu-G11, G12, noma G13, ungaxuba izinhlobo ezahlukene ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Vele uqiniseke ukuthi ziwuhlobo olufanayo: i-G12 ne-G12, i-G13 ne-G13, njll. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zingaxutshwa kuphela njengoba kuchaziwe ngezansi.
Hlanganisa i-antifreeze yemibala ehlukene?
Ungaxuba i-antifreeze yemibala ehlukene uma nje ifana . Okusho ukuthi, uma umbala ubonisa kuphela ukuhlushwa kwe-antifreeze, ngeke kube nezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, uma umbala womkhiqizo owucabangayo ubonisa ukuthi awuyona into ephilayo, ngenkathi udinga i-organic, akufanele uyixube. Akukhuthazwa futhi ukuxuba i-antifreeze yemibala ehlukene ekhombisa ukuthi ingeyezimoto ezahlukene.
I-Antifreeze G12, G12+, G12++, G13 kanye ne-G11 endala
Lezi zinto ezivimbela ukuqandisa zingokwemvelo futhi zisetshenziswa eminye imikhiqizo. Ziwuketshezi olunezakhiwo ezithile zokuvikela izinto. Ngakho-ke, uma imoto yakho idinga lolu hlobo loketshezi, kungcono ukungasebenzisi olunye. Uma kunjalo, ngeke ube nenkinga yokwazi ngoba abakhiqizi bayaqikelela ukuthi balufaka ethangini lokunweba , indawo ebonakalayo noma nini lapho uhlola izinga noma ushintsha into evimbela ukuqandisa.
Lezi yizinto ezivimbela ukuqandisa eziye zavela eminyakeni edlule . I-G11 yayiyi-antifreeze eyaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1994, i-G12 ne-G12+ ngo-1996, i-G12++ ngo-2005, kanye ne-G13 ngo-2008. Nakuba ziluhlobo olufanayo lwezinto eziphilayo, kungcono ukungazixubi uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi yiziphi ezihambisanayo. Sizoxoxa ngalokhu esigabeni esilandelayo.
Ingabe i-G11, G12, G12+, G12++ ne-G13 ingaxutshwa?
Ama-Antifreezes G11, G12, G12+, G12++, kanye ne-G13 angaxutshwa, kodwa amanye awakwazi . Nakuba kuyizinto ezishintshashintshayo, azinazo izakhi ezifanayo, ngakho ukuzixuba kungabangela ukuwohloka noma, okungenani, ukulahlekelwa yizakhiwo zokulwa nokugqwala. Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa ukuthi yiziphi ezingaxutshwa:
| G11 | G12 | G12 + | G12 ++ | G13 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G11 | G12 | G12 + | G12 ++ | G13 | |
| G11 | Yebo | Cha | * | * | * |
| G12 | Cha | Yebo | * | * | * |
| G12 + | * | * | Yebo | * | * |
| G12 ++ | * | * | * | Yebo | Yebo |
| G13 | * | * | * | Yebo | Yebo |
*: Ilahlekelwa izakhiwo zokulwa nokugqwala
Izinhlobo ze-antifreeze ngokuya ngokugxila
Uma izinga lokushisa le-antifreeze liphezulu, izinga lokushisa elingamelana nalo liphansi ngaphandle kokubanda. Kodwa-ke, okungebona bonke abantu abakucabangayo ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu liphinde livumele ukuthi limelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokubila . Amazinga avame kakhulu yilawa:
- 10%: Imelana namazinga okushisa ehle aze afike ku -4ºC
- 20%: Imelana namazinga okushisa ehle aze afike ku -9ºC
- 30%: imelana namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka -16ºC no-18ºC
- 50%: imelana namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka -35ºC kanye -37ºC
- Puro: Yenzelwe ukuxubana namanzi ekuhlanganiseni kuka-50% noma ngaphansi, kuye ngezidingo.
Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu abangawamela ngaphandle kokubilisa nawo ancike kwezinye izithasiselo, ngakho-ke ayahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwemikhiqizo. Isibonelo, umkhiqizo we-Motul ongu-50% wemvelo ungamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-145ºC ngokusho komkhiqizi, kanti umkhiqizo kaTamar ungamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-132ºC ngokugxila okufanayo.
Hlanganisa i-antifreeze ye-concentrations ehlukene?
Kungenziwa ngaphandle kwenkinga . Khumbula nje ukuthi umphumela uzoba yi-antifreeze enezakhiwo eziphakathi kuye ngokuthi uyixuba kanjani. Isibonelo: ukuxuba izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-antifreeze engu-10% ne-antifreeze engu-50% kuzokunika u-30%.
Hlanganisa amanzi nesinqamuleli?
I-antifreeze ivame ukuthengiswa ngesimo esiqinile ukuze ikhasimende likwazi ukuyixuba namanzi kuze kufike ezingeni elidingekayo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngamanzi acwengekile noma ahlanziwe ukuze kugwenywe ukwakheka kwendle ohlelweni lokupholisa. Unalokhu engqondweni, ungasebenzisa lolu hlobo lwamanzi ukuze ugcwalise i-coolant ezingeni elifanele lemoto yakho.
Nokho, khumbula ukuthi uma unciphisa kakhulu i-antifreeze yakho, ngeke nje unciphise ikhono layo lokubekezelela ukubanda nokushisa , kodwa uzolahlekelwa nezimfanelo zayo zokulwa nokugqwala . Lokhu akukhuthazwa neze emotweni yakho. Yenza lokhu kuphela uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, futhi ngokushesha okukhulu, shintsha lonke uketshezi ngoketshezi olusha olunezinga elifanele. Uma wenza kanjalo, ungakhohlwa ukopha uhlelo.
Izithombe 2, 4, 5, 6 kanye no-7 – Mike Mozart, Anthony Easton, ms.akr, zhouxuan12345678, Júlia Moésia