Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i -multimeter iyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi elingasetshenziswa uchwepheshe kagesi kuphela. Kodwa-ke, labo abavame ukugoqa imikhono yabo ukuze benze ukulungisa ekhaya noma emotweni bayazi ukuthi iyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu elingasiza ekongeni imali eningi.
Uma ubheka izifundo zethu ze-car mechanics, uzobona ukuthi amagama athi multimeter, voltmeter, noma tester avela kaningi. Isibonelo, yilokho okuzokutshela uma i-horn ithola amandla noma idinga ukushintshwa, uma ama -glow plug enjini yakho yedizili esebenza, nokuthi kungani izibani zingavulwa, kanti akuyona nje i-bulb eshile.
Ngakho-ke, sizochaza ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke uma ufuna ukuthenga i-multimeter . Uzobona ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zamamodeli anamakhono ahlukene kakhulu, angase angabonwa abanye, kodwa angaba usizo kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho.
Ukuqhathanisa ama-multimeters amahle kakhulu
I-Toolwiz XL830L LCD Digital Multimeter
Sizoqala ngemodeli engabizi kakhulu kodwa enezici ezithile ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Empeleni, idlula ama-multimeter amaningi ngobubanzi bayo bentengo. Inzuzo yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele ukuthi, ngaphezu kokulinganisa i-DC ne-AC voltage , i-DC amperage, ukumelana , i-diode , kanye nokuqhubeka , iphinde inikeze imisebenzi ye -capacitance , imvamisa , izinga lokushisa , i-NPN, i-PNP , kanye ne -hFE.
Konke lokhu kuyenza ibe yimodeli ephelele kakhulu ngentengo yayo ephansi. Lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyicabangele uma uhlela ukusebenzisa eziningi zalezi zici ezithuthukisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayifaki nje kuphela ama-test leads, kodwa futhi iza nesitendi esisekelayo esiwusizo ukuze ilale phansi ngenkathi usebenza nayo, kanye namabhethri.
I-Aokozo 21A Digital Multimeter
Le modeli yesibili ihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga lentengo ephansi, kodwa futhi inezici ezivame ukutholakala kuma-multimeter abiza kakhulu. I-Aokozo 21A nayo inemisebenzi eminingi : ukulinganisa i-voltage ye-DC ne-AC, ukulinganisa kwamanje kwe-DC, ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuqhubeka, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-diode ne-transistor.
I-AmazonCommercial DT-916N Digital Multimeter
Imodeli yesithathu esiyifakayo ibiza kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yalokho, ingalinganisa i-voltage kanye ne-amperage kokubili ku-DC kanye ne-AC , izinga lokushisa (uhlobo lwe-K), imvamisa, kanye neminye imisebenzi yokulinganisa engu-13. Iphinde ibe nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ngakho ngeke kudingeke ukhethe ububanzi ngesandla, futhi ifaka phakathi ukubamba idatha.
Ngaphezu kwezintambo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile kanye nebhethri, ifaka ne-probe yokushisa . Njengoba ibalwa izikhathi ezingu-4000 , inikeza isixazululo sokulinganisa esiphakeme kancane kune-multimeters yangaphambilini, kanye nezibani zayo zesikrini se-LCD ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezimnyama.
I-Tankool CM06 Digital Multimeter ene-clamp meter
Qaphela ukuthi imodeli yesine esizokhuluma ngayo inesici esithakazelisayo kakhulu semisebenzi ethile yezimoto: i- clamp meter . Ngayo, ungalinganisa i-amperage ngaphandle kokuphula isekethe ukuze uxhume izinkomba zokuhlola ze-multimeter. Isibonelo, kuyasiza uma ufuna ukuhlola ukukhishwa kukagesi okungajwayelekile emotweni okungase kubangele ukukhishwa kwebhethri ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le multimeter inezici eziningana ezinhle kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye ezikulolu hlu. Ingafinyelela ku-600 A kanye no-600 V , kokubili ku-DC kanye ne-AC ( isisombululo sokubala esingu-6.000 ). Ivumela ukulinganiswa kokumelana, amandla, imvamisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-voltage ephansi (L0z), ukuhlolwa kwe-voltage engeyona yokuxhumana (NCV), kanye nomjikelezo womsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifaka inkomba ye-voltage ephansi, ukucima okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokubamba idatha.
Indlela yokukhetha i-multimeter
Uzoqaphela ukuthi imininingwane yama-multimeter athembekile ivame ukufaka amanani angaqondakali . Lokhu kubhekisela ezintweni ezifana nokunemba kanye nesisombululo, okuyizici ezihluke kakhulu futhi ezinquma kakhulu ikhwalithi yemodeli. Nakhu abakushoyo ngempela nokuthi yini okufanele uyinake.
Isinqumo
Leli nani livame ukuboniswa ngezinombolo ezifana nokubalwa okungu-2.000, 4.000, 6.000 ... Ngokuyisisekelo libonisa ukuthi i-multimeter ingalinganisa ngokunembile kangakanani kububanzi bayo ngabunye. Isibonelo, uma sikhetha u-20 V futhi inezibalo ezingu-2.000 zesisombululo, kusho ukuthi ingalinganisa ngezindawo ezimbili zedesimali: 20,00 V. Uma sikhetha ububanzi obungu-2 V, bungalinganisa ngezindawo ezintathu zedesimali: 2,000 V.
Ezilinganisweni eziphansi nezimaphakathi, ukuthi i-multimeter inezibalo eziningi (isibonelo 6.000), akusho ukuthi izonikeza ukulungiswa okwengeziwe. Uma ikhombisa inani elingaka, ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lokuthi ububanzi bayo bokulinganisa busebenza ngezinyathelo ezinkulu. Isibonelo: ukuba nenketho yokukhetha i-60V esikhundleni se-20V, futhi ugcine ukulungiswa okufanayo kwedesimali. Kulokhu kufika ku-60,00 V. Futhi, uma ukhetha ububanzi obuncane obulandelayo, 6 V, uzokwazi ukukala ezindaweni ezintathu zamadesimali: 6,000 V.
Lapho uzobona khona umehluko ekulungisweni kumabanga aphezulu wokulinganisa. Uma i-multimeter yakho inezibalo ezingu-2.000, kodwa ilinganisa kufika ku-600V, ngeke ikwazi ukufika endaweni yedesimali. Kodwa uma inezibalo ezingu-6.000, izokwazi: 600,0 V. Njengoba ungacabanga, kuyoba nengqondo ukuthenga i-multimeter enesinqumo esiphezulu kunalesi esikulesi sibonelo, uma uzoyisebenzisa endaweni ephakeme. ububanzi futhi kudingeka ukushuna kahle.
ngokunemba
Nakuba igama lingase lisikisele into efanayo nesisombululo, lesi sici sibhekisela esilinganisweni samaphutha se-multimeter . Ngokuvamile kuboniswa njengephesenti elingaphezulu noma elingaphansi kwenani langempela: 1,2%, 1,5%, 2%, njll.
Kulokhu kumele kwengezwe inombolo eyongezwa kamuva : 1%+2, 1,5%+3, 2%+5… Lokhu kuyisengezo esibonisa inani lokubala lapho idijithi yokugcina yokulinganisa ingahluka khona. Isibonelo, uma amandla angempela amanje angu-100 V, i-multimeter enokunemba okungu-±1% ingabonisa u-101,0 V noma u-98,0 V, futhi uma ine-+2 ku-specification, kusho ukuthi ingabonisa u-101,2 V noma u-98,8 V.
I-aggregate (+2, +3, +5…) iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu uma ulinganisa amanani amancane kakhulu . Cabanga ukuthi lokho okukalayo kungu-0,4 V kuphela futhi leyo nombolo ingakhuphuka noma yehle ngama-abili eshumini. Iphesenti lephutha liphezulu kakhulu kunasezinhlwini ezibanzi.
Izibonelo zokunemba eziboniswe kulesi sigaba zivamile kuma-multimeter aphakathi nendawo. Nakuba ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kungatholakala kuma-multimeter angochwepheshe angcono kakhulu , amanani awo angaba phezulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi noma ngaphezulu. Bheka nje intengo ye-multimeter ye-Fluke, ikakhulukazi imodeli ephezulu.
Inombolo yezici
Uma ufuna i-multimeter yokulungisa imoto noma ikhaya okujwayelekile, akudingeki ibe nemisebenzi eminingi. Ejwayelekile oyothola ukukala i-DC ne-AC voltage kanye ne-amperage , kanye nokumelana , ukuhlolwa kwe-diode , kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqhubeka . Ukukala izinga lokushisa nakho kungaba usizo.
Ukuhlolwa okuthuthukile kakhulu, njengokulinganisa i-transistor , ukulinganisa imvamisa , ukuhlolwa kwe-NCV , kanye nokuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi , kuvame kakhulu kochwepheshe bezogesi kanye nochwepheshe be-elekthronikhi. Ngakho-ke, akuvamile kakhulu ekulungisweni okwenziwa emotweni yabo ekhaya.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha
Njengoba sincoma kunoma yikuphi ukuqhathaniswa komkhiqizo, ukuphepha kufanele kuze kuqala kunoma iyiphi idivayisi. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthi i-multimeter yedijithali oyithengayo ithobelane okungenani nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:
- Imikhondo yokuhlola ephephile enamatheminali ane-insulated-coated kanye nomumo ongasheleli
- Ukuvikelwa kwe-fuse okokufaka kwamanje.
- ukuthi ama-fuses amandla aphezulu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphezu kwalokho i-multimeter ikala. Isibonelo, uma ifinyelela ku-600 V, i-fuse kufanele imelane nokufika kancane kunaleyo voltage.
- ukuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi kumodi yokumelana (Ω). Isibonelo: 250 V noma ngaphezulu.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter yabaqalayo
Ukusebenzisa i-multimeter akuyona inkimbinkimbi uma wazi ukuthi izilinganiso ngasinye zingenzani. Ngisho noma kuyi-multimeter yochwepheshe. Umehluko wokuqala okufanele ucace yilowo wezinhlobo zamanje:
- I-Direct Current (DC): imanje lapho ama-electron ehamba ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Yileyo ekhishwa ibhethri lemoto, isibonelo. Ku-multimeter kuboniswa umugqa ovundlile onomugqa odayishiwe ngaphansi kwawo. Kanye nama-initials DC (Okuqondile Kwamanje).
- I-Alternating Current (AC): kulapho ama-electron eshintsha isiqondiso ngefrikhwensi ethile. Yilona elingalinganiswa ku-alternator. Ku-multimeter kuboniswa umugqa we-wavy. kanye namazwi AC, okuyizifinyezo zegama layo ngesiNgisi: Okunye Kwamanje.
Uma usuwazi umehluko phakathi kwale misinga emibili, udinga ukwazi izilinganiso eziyisisekelo ezihlukile ezingenziwa nge-multimeter:
- Voltage: i-voltage futhi iboniswa ngohlamvu V lwamaVolts. Ngokuvamile amabhethri emoto angu-12 V DC. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-230 V ingatholakala ku-socket yasekhaya yendlu.
- I-Amperage: ukushuba kwamandla amanje futhi kuboniswa ngohlamvu A lwe-Amps. Ibhethri lemoto linenani eliboniswe kule yunithi yokulinganisa. Isibonelo: 44 A, 65 A noma 100 A. Okuwukushuba okuphezulu ekwazi ukukuletha ngokuphazima kweso. Isibonelo sendlu singatholakala ebhokisini lakho le-fuse, lapho uzobona khona ama-amperages afana no-16 A, 20 A, 25 A, 30 A noma 40 A.
- Ukuphikiswa: ukuphikiswa komqhubi wamanje futhi kukalwa ngo-Ohms, kuboniswa ngohlamvu lwesiGreki u-Ω. Isibonelo, lo msebenzi uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi ukumelana kwesekethe ethile noma idivayisi kukuvelu efanele. Kudinga ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukumelana okufanele ukuze isebenze. Ngokwesibonelo a ikhoyili yokuthungela ama-electronics ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-0,3 no-1 ohm wokumelana. Uma okukalwayo kunokumelana okwengeziwe, kusho ukuthi isifunda sakho sangaphakathi sinokuthintana okungafuneki lapho kulahleka khona. Uma ukumelana kungapheli, kusho ukuthi idivayisi noma isifunda sinqanyuliwe futhi akukho ukudlula kwamanje.
- Ukuqhubeka: empeleni ikala okufana nokumelana, kodwa ngendlela enethezeke kakhulu ngesixwayiso esizwakalayo. Ngayo, kuyindaba kuphela yokuhlola ukuthi isifunda sinqunywe noma cha. I-multimeter izokhala uma okwamanje idlula futhi izothula uma iphazanyiswa. Ngaleyo ndlela akudingekile ukuthi ubheke isikrini ngenkathi uhlola ukuxhumana okuhlukile. Isetshenziswa, isibonelo, ukuze hlola ukuthi i-fuse ngayinye ishaywa yini noma cha.
Kusukela lapha, siqala ukuxoxa ngemisebenzi ethuthukile edinga ulwazi olukhulu lobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-diode, ukulinganisa i-capacitance, ukulinganisa i-transistor, ukulinganisa imvamisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-NCV, ukutholwa kokulawula okukude kwe-infrared, kanye nokufundwa kwe-thermometer. Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi ngalezi zihloko, sincoma isihloko esilandelayo: Indlela Yokusebenzisa i-Multimeter.
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi i-multimeter yonakalisiwe
Ama-multimeter anezivikelo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokuvimbela umonakalo uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle . Isibonelo, ama-fuse ayavunguza uma amazinga athile edlula amakhono edivayisi. Kulezi zimo, i-multimeter izokukhombisa lokhu esikrinini noma icime, kuye ngokuthi imodeli. Kuleli qophelo, i-fuse kumele ishintshwe. Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ugcine ama-fuse asele eduze, noma uthenge imodeli ewafaka ebhokisini.
Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, noma ngabe sishintsha i-fuse, isikrini se-digital multimeter ngeke sikhanye nhlobo. Ngokuvamile, kulezi zimo, kuzodingeka kuthengwe esisha, yize ama-multimeter ochwepheshe (futhi abiza kakhulu) angathunyelwa ukuze alungiswe.
Isebenza kanjani i-multimeter?
Ama-multimeter asebenza ngokusebenzisa i -resistor lapho elinganisa ugesi (A) noma i-voltage (V). Uma elinganisa ama-ampere, i-multimeter ixhunywe ngochungechunge. Lokhu kusho ukuvula isekethe bese ufaka i-multimeter kuyo (ngaphandle kokuthi ine-clamp meter). Uma elinganisa ama-volts, i-multimeter ixhunywe ngokulingana; okungukuthi, i-multimeter ayidingi ukufakwa kusekethe, njengoba ukuyithinta nje ngama-test leads ayo kwanele.
Uma i-multimeter ilinganisa ukumelana (Ω), isebenzisa ibhethri ukujikeleza ugesi ngesekethe futhi ilinganisa ugesi obuyayo nge- potentiometer . Ngakho-ke, akufanele isetshenziswe kwisekethe ebukhoma, ama-capacitor, njll. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingonakalisa, noma okungenani i-fuse evikela i-multimeter ingaqhuma.
Imibono yokugcina: iyiphi i-multimeter engcono?
Ngokombono wethu, njengoba la madivayisi engabizi kakhulu, asikho isidingo sokuwasebenzisa kakhulu. I -Meterk MK06 Digital Multimeter ene-clamp meter ifaka imisebenzi eminingi kanye nezici zokuphepha, kuyilapho igcina ukusetshenziswa okulula. Yingakho kuyisinqumo sethu kunezinye izinhlobo, ezinezimfanelo ezinhle kodwa ezingafanele izindleko ezengeziwe ukuze nje zonge ama-euro ambalwa.