El ukulungiswa kwe-chip, noma ukuhlela kabusha iyunithi yokulawula yemoto, sekuzuze ukuduma phakathi kwabathandi bezimoto. Le nqubo ivumela ukushintsha amapharamitha okulawula enjini ukuze kutholwe amandla engeziwe, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukonke. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokugxumela kule nqubo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinzuzo zayo, ukungalungi kanye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izingozi zayo ezingenzeka. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza ukuthi iyini ngempela i-chiptuning, ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi ikuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwemoto yakho.
Ukwenyuka kokuhlela kabusha akuzenzekelanga. Ngenxa yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe besimanje bezimoto, kuyenzeka ukuqapha izici eziningi zesistimu yenjini nge-chip ye-elekthronikhi noma ngokuxhuma ngqo embotsheni yokuxilonga ye-OBD. Kodwa ingabe iphephile ngempela? Iyini imiphumela yesikhathi eside enjinini?
Yini i-chiptuning
El ukulungiswa kwe-chip Kuyindlela okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini ngokuhlela kabusha iyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU). Le yunithi isebenza njengekhompuyutha encane, eqapha izici ezihlukahlukene zenjini, njengokujova uphethiloli nokuxutshwa, ingcindezi ye-turbo, nezikhathi zokusha. Ngokulungisa le mingcele, ukusebenza okuphezulu kungafinyelelwa, ukulungisa injini emikhawulweni yayo yangempela.
I-Los Izindwangu ze-automantes Ngokuvamile balungisa amapharamitha enjini ukuze abe amanani alondolozayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuqina, ahambisane nemithetho ekhishwayo futhi azivumelanise nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokushayela emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinjini kungenzeka zisebenza ngaphansi komthamo wazo wangempela, okuba yithuba lalabo abafuna ukusizakala ngemajini etholakalayo ngokuhlela kabusha.
Isebenza kanjani i-ECU Reprogramming
Inqubo ye ukuhlela kabusha yemoto ingenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngemodeli yemoto kanye nonyaka yokukhiqiza. Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu kulungiswa:
- Ukuhlelwa kabusha ngembobo ye-OBD II: Lena indlela evamile futhi yesimanje. Izimoto eziningi ezikhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1996 zifakwe ichweba le-OBD II, elivumela ochwepheshe ukuthi baxhumane ngqo ne-ECU futhi balungise imingcele ngesofthiwe ekhethekile.
- Ukushintsha i-chip kumamodeli amadala: Ezimotweni ezindala ezingenayo imbobo ye-OBD, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni ngokuqondile i-chip elawula i-ECU. Le ndlela ihlasela kakhulu futhi idinga ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe lwe-soldering nolwazi lwe-electronics.
Izizathu zokusebenzisa i-chiptuning
El ukulungiswa kwe-chip inganikeza izinzuzo eziningi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemoto yabo. Ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko zokukhetha lolu hlelo lokusebenza zihlanganisa:
- Amandla anyusiwe: Mhlawumbe ukukhanga okukhulu kwe-chiptuning ukwanda kwamandla okungafinyelelwa. Ezinjinini ezine-turbocharged, ukwenyuka kungaba okuphawulekayo, kusuka ku-a 25% kufika ku-50% amandla atholakalayo engeziwe. Ezinjinini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo, ukwanda kunesizotha, kodwa kusengaba phakathi 10% y 15%.
- ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi: Ukuhlelwa kabusha ngendlela efanele kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ikakhulukazi ezinjinini ze-turbo diesel. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi injini, uma ishunwa kangcono, isebenzisa uphethiloli ngendlela egculisayo, okungaholela ekongeni kuze kufike ku- 10% ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokusheshisa: Ngenxa yokwenziwa kahle kwezikhathi zomjovo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengxube yamafutha omoya, izimoto ezihlelwe kabusha ngokuvamile zinokusheshisa okushelelayo nokusheshayo.
- Ukulungiswa kwe-torque yenjini: Ngokuvamile, izimoto modified ngokusebenzisa chiptuning nakho ukwanda okubonakalayo torque, okuthuthukisa ikhono lemoto lokugcina ukusebenza kwayo ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima noma ezinzima.
Izingozi ze-chiptuning
Naphezu kwentuthuko ekusebenzeni, i ukulungiswa kwe-chip Iphinde ibe nezingozi okufanele zicatshangelwe, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlela kabusha kungenziwanga kahle noma uma imikhawulo yokubekezelela injini yeqiwe. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona yilezi:
- Ukuguga kwenjini okusheshisiwe: Ngokulungisa amapharamitha athile afana nomfutho we-turbo, ukushintshashintsha kwenjini noma isikhathi sokusha, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kukhiqizwa ezintweni ezifana namasilinda, amajoyinti e-CV, i-crankshaft ne-clutch. Umphumela uba ukuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, injini ingakwazi babhekane nomonakalo ongalungiseki noma ubone impilo yayo ewusizo incishisiwe.
- Izinkinga ngesistimu ye-emissions: Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu kungaba umthelela kumasistimu okulawula ukungcola kwemoto. Ezinjinini zikadizili ezinezihlungi zezinhlayiya (ama-DPF), ukuhlela kabusha kungase kubangele ukunqwabelana kwensisi, okuzovala isihlungi futhi kubangele ukwehluleka njalo.
- Ukushisa ngokweqile: Ukulungiswa okungalungile ezikhathini zokujova noma inani likaphethiloli lingakhiqiza a ngokweqile yenjini, i-turbo noma i-catalyst, engaba nemiphumela emibi njengokulimala kumasilinda noma ngisho nokuncibilika kwesihlungi sezinhlayiya ezinjinini zikadizili.
- Ukugqokwa kwe-clutch namasondo: Amandla angeziwe kanye ne-torque nakho kungaba nemiphumela ezingxenyeni zemishini. Yena ukubopha futhi i amathayi Bayoba ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu, basheshise ukuguga futhi banciphise ukuphila kwabo okuwusizo.
Izici zezomthetho nezokusebenza
Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi ngabe i ukulungiswa kwe-chip Ingabe isemthethweni futhi ithinta kanjani ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe bemoto? Emazweni amaningi, noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa ekusebenzeni kwemoto okuthinta ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni noma amandla enjini kufanele kwaziswe kwabasemagunyeni futhi kuboniswe kudatha yedatha yemoto. E-Spain, isibonelo, ngemva kokuhlelwa kabusha kuyadingeka ukudlulisa okufanele Ukuhlolwa Kwezimoto Kwezobuchwepheshe (ITV) ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imoto iyaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha nezimo ezikhishwayo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akukhona konke ukuhlela kabusha okusemthethweni uma kungagunyazwanga kahle. Ukwengeza, uma kwenzeka imoto kufanele idlule ukuhlolwa okungalindelekile noma ibuyekezwe ngumshwalense ngemva kwengozi, ukuguqulwa kungaholela ezinkingeni zomthetho uma ingabhalisiwe ngendlela efanele.
Ingabe iphephile injini?
Abanikazi bezimoto abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi i-chiptuning iyini ephephile noma uma kungalimaza injini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Impendulo incike kakhulu ekutheni ukuhlelwa kabusha kwenziwa kanjani. Uma kwenziwa uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe futhi nemikhawulo ebekezelelekayo yenjini ihlonishwa, i-chiptuning ingaba ephephile futhi inikeze izinzuzo ngaphandle kokufaka imishini.
Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlela kabusha kwenziwa ngaphandle kolwazi oludingekayo, kungagcizelela izingxenye ezibalulekile futhi kuholele ekuqhekekeni okubizayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uye kuma-workshops akhethekile anolwazi nedumela kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Izinhlobo zokuhlela kabusha
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ukuhlela kabusha iyunithi yokulawula, evumelaniswe nezidingo nezimoto:
- Ukuhlela kabusha ngokwezifiso: Lolu hlobo lokuhlela kabusha lwenziwe lwaba ngezakho futhi lubandakanya ukulungiswa okuthile kwemoto okukhulunywa ngayo. Ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu, kodwa kunikeza iziqinisekiso ezinkulu zokusebenza nokuphepha.
- Ukuhlela kabusha okuvamile: Lena indlela yokonga kakhulu, isebenzisa izinhlelo ezichazwe ngaphambilini ezisebenza kumodeli ethile yemoto. Nakuba ingalungile kangako, inganikeza ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni.
- Ama-switchboards engeziwe: Esikhundleni sokuhlela kabusha i-ECU yasekuqaleni, amayunithi okulawula angaphandle ayengezwa ashintsha amanani okulawula. Awahlaseli kancane futhi, kwezinye izimo, kungase kube lula ukuwahlehlisa.
Uma ukhetha inketho eyodwa noma enye, kufanele uhlole kokubili izindleko neziqinisekiso ezinikezwa yinketho ngayinye. Ngokuvamile, ukukhetha ukuhlela kabusha ngokwezifiso noma ukuya kuchwepheshe onolwazi kuzohlala kuyinketho ephephe kunazo zonke.
Amayunithi okulawula engeziwe ayindlela ethokozisayo yalabo abafuna ukusebenza okukhulu ngokungenelela okungaqondile ku-ECU yoqobo yemoto.
Ukubaluleka kokugcinwa ngemuva kwe-chiptuning
Uma ukuhlela kabusha sekwenziwe, kubalulekile ukugcina a ukunakekelwa okukhethekile yemoto futhi sinakekele kaningi kunokujwayelekile. Ukwanda kwamandla kanye nezidingo ezintsha ezibekwe enjinini kungasheshisa ukuguga kwezingxenye ezithile, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi uhlole ngezikhathi ezithile isimo senjini kanye nesistimu yomjovo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokuqinile izikhathi zokupholisa injini kanye nezikhathi zokufudumala ukuze ugweme izinkinga. Ukuqapha okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa okumaphakathi kwe-boost kungasiza ukunweba impilo yenjini.
Ingabe i-chiptuning iyanconywa?
El ukulungiswa kwe-chip kungaba inketho ekhangayo kulabo abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemoto yabo ngaphandle kokwenza izinguquko ezinkulu zemishini. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuhlola ubungozi nezinzuzo ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo. Yize ziningi izimoto esezihlelwe kabusha zahamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngaphandle kwezinkinga, akunakuphikwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa injini ngaphandle kwemingcele eyakhiwe ngayo kunganciphisa impilo yayo ewusizo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezingozi ezihlobene nokulahlekelwa iwaranti yomkhiqizi, izinkinga ze-MOT nokwenyuka kokuguga kwenjini uma ukuhlela kabusha kungenziwanga ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, kuhlale kululeka ukuthi uye kochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe futhi wenze ukunakekelwa okuqinile.
Okokugcina, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, nakuba i-chiptuning inganikeza ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kokusebenza, akusona isisombululo somlingo futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla engeziwe kunganciphisa impilo yemoto.
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